I. Gnanavel ¹, J. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Annamalai University Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Efforts were made to control the damping off of tomato caused by Pythium aphanidermatum by using Trichoderma viride alone or in combination with soil solarization. T. viride along with soil solarization effectively reduced the pre and post-emergence damping off by 75.23 per cent and 88.34 per cent, respectively over control with concomitant Increase in seedling vigour index and biomass of tomato.

Keywords

Damping-off, Integrated Control, Pythium aphanidermatum, Soil Solarization, Tomato, Trichoderma viride.

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J. Jayaraj ¹, R. Ramabadran ¹

Affiliations
1 Plant Pathology Department, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Three commonly used soil insecticides viz., BHC, phorate and carbofuran meant for the control of soil borne pests were studied for their in vitro influence on the growth, sporulation and cellulase production by Trichoderma harzianum. The insecticides were tested at 5, 10,50, 100 and 500 ppm concentrations. Among the insecticides, phorate and carbofuran caused maximum reduction of mycelial biomass. Sporulation was strongly inhibited by BHC when compared to other insecticides. The production of cellulases was drastically reduced by incorporation of  phorate.

Keywords

Cellulase Production, In Vitro Growth, Soil-Insecticides, Sporulation, Trichoderma harzianum.

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J. Jayaraj ¹, R. Ramabadran ¹

Affiliations
1 Plant Pathology Department, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The study was taken up to evaluate cheaper organic substrates for the mass multiplication of Trichoderma harzianum with and without nutrient additives. Out of 7 organic substrates tested, pigeonpea husk was found to be the best followed by tapioca waste (after starch extraction) and pressmud. Addition of urea reduced the multiplication, whereas ammonium sulphate enhanced the colonization and propagule number of T. harzianum.

Keywords

Additives, Mass Multiplication, Organic Substrates, Trichoderma harzianum.

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V. S. Indhumathi ¹, P. Chandramani ², J. Jayaraj ³, C. Chinniah ¹, P. P. Mahendran ¹, K. Kumutha ¹

Affiliations
1 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai – 625104, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Kudumiyanmalai – 622104, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Grapes Research Station, Theni – 625526, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of four silicon fertilizers, field experiment was conducted in farmer’s holding at Poovanthi village of Sivagangai district, Tamil Nadu during 2017-2018 against sugarcane leaf hopper, Pyrilla perpusilla Walker and its parasitoid, Epiricania melanoleuca (Fletcher). Silicon fertilizers were applied @ 500 and 1000 kg ha^-1 before planting and the leaf hopper population was recorded at 150, 180, 210, 240 and 270 days after application. The results of field experiment revealed that Pyrilla population was minimum in the plots treated with calcium silicate @ 1000 kg ha^-1 (8.20 numbers/leaf) followed by calcium silicate @ 500 kg ha^-1 (8.80 numbers/leaf) as compared over untreated check (98.20 numbers/leaf) and the percent reduction over untreated check was 82.45 and 73.71 per cent, respectively. Similarly, the per cent parasitism was maximum in the treatment with calcium silicate @ 1000 kg ha^-1 (82.33%) during November, which was on par with untreated check. Hence, Pyrilla population declined to an extent of 82.45 per cent by enhancement of E. melanoleuca parasitism (82.33 %) due to the application of silicon fertilizers.

Keywords

Epiricania melanoleuca, Parasitism, Pyrilla perpusilla, Silicon Nutrition.

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